2023-03-23 15:43:02来源:有考网
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before的意思是在…之前; 先于,优于; 当着…的面;previous意思是以前的; 先前的; 过早的; (时间上) 稍前的;previous与before的区别有哪些呢?本文是有考网小编整理previous与before的区别的资料,仅供参考。
before 作 介词,连词,或者副词。
介词:可在后加一个时间点或者短语。 如 before 6 o"clock.
连词:连接句子。she had finished homework before we went shopping.
副词:作为状语。I’ve never been there before.
不能做定语
previous 形容词 作定语的。。修饰名词。a previous suggestion 一个预先的迹象
不能用作连词引导句子
before作副词时同previously。但是before偏重于 之前 先前的意思。previously偏向预先的意思。
1 作介词
A.指时间.在……以前. e.g. It began to rain before midnight .
B. 指位置.在……面前. e.g. They knelt before the king .
C. 指顺序或排列在前面. e.g. You name comes before mine on the list .
2 作连词
A.在……之前. e.g. Did she leave a message before she went ?
B.用于It + be +时间段 + before :在……之后才…… e.g. It willl be five years before I come back .
3 常于情态动词 can / could 连用 : 还没来得及……就…… e.g. Before I could say a word , she had rushed out of the room
掌握before热点用法
1. prep. 在......以前,强调时间
He came to see me the day before yesterday. 他前天来看我了。
2. prep. 在......前面,当着......的面,向......,强调地点 She has to appear before the court. 她必须出庭受审。
3. prep. 在......之前,先于,强调次序
Those with babies can get on the bus before others. 带小孩的人可以先上汽车。
4. prep. 与其......(宁愿)
I'd shoot myself before I apologized to him! 我宁死也不向他道歉!
5. adv. 以前,强调时间
We've seen that film before. 我们以前看过那场电影。
6. adv. 在前面,向前,强调位置
Don't run before and after. 别跑前跑后。
7. conj. 在......前,强调时间
before的含义比较灵活,实际翻译时应结合具体情况机动处理。
1. 趁......
You should do it before it is too late. 趁现在还不算太晚,你应该赶快做它。
2. 尚未来得及
Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 她还没有来得及动弹,就听见有很响的声音,接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。
Before they reached the house, a new great wave came,sweeping down trees, and sweeping them down too. 他们还没到屋子,又一个巨浪打来,冲倒了树,也冲倒了他们。
3. 要......先......
You should be a pupil before you become a teacher. 要当老师,先作学生。
二、掌握热点句型用法
It was not long before...(过去)没过多久就......
It was not long before he returned to Beijing. 不久他就回到北京。
需要特别注意,该句型可以进行创新,可将否定句改为肯定句(It was long before...过了很久才......)或将一般过去时改为一般将来时(It will not be long before...要不了多久就......;It will be long before...要过很久才......)。before在这些句型中均引导时间状语从句, long这个抽象的时间也可改为years, weeks, days等具体表时间的词。
It was long before he married Wei Fang. 过了很久他才娶魏芳。 It will be long before he goes abroad. 要过很久他才出国。 Will it be years before he goes to school? 要过好几年他才能上学吗?
高考题例:
It ________ long before we ________ the result of the experiment.
A. will not be...will know B. is...will know C. will not be...know D. is...know
【析】正确答案为C。该句面意思为:在我们知道实验结果之前不会过很长一段时间,也就是不会过很长一段时间我们就会知道实验结果。应使用It was not long before的创新句型It will not be long before,before引导时间状语从句时,从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Scientists say it may be five or six years ________ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A. since B. after C. before D. when
【析】正确答案为C。该句型也是It was not long before的创新句型。
when与befor的区别
本文结合典型例题来归纳一下before的特殊用法。
before作为连词时的基本意义是“在……之前”,用于表示时间或顺序。如:Turn the light off before you sleep. (睡前先把灯熄掉。) Think before you speak. (说话之前,应先想清楚。) 但在不同的语境中before有不同的意义:
1. before表示“不等……就……”、“尚未……就……” 例1: —Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting? (2006年四川)
—He rushed out of the room I could say a word.
A. before B. until C. when D. after
解析: 答案为A。题中before意为“不等……就”、“尚未……就……”,它表示从句的动作尚未来得及发生,主句的动作已发生或完成。全句句意为:我还没来得及说他就冲出了房间。又如:
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. 我还没有来得及插上话,他就给我量好了尺寸。
The phone stopped ringing before I answered it. 我还没有来得及接,电话就挂了。
2. before表示“不知不觉,还没弄清就……”(常用于before sb. know/realize…)
例2: Several weeks had gone by I realized the painting was missing. (2004全国)
A. as B. before C. since D. when
解析: 此题最易错选C或D项,而正确答案为B。用since则时间延续到了现在,在时间上与had gone矛盾;用when则无法强调时间流逝的不知不觉性。又如:
Time passed quickly and three months went by before I knew it. 时间飞快地流逝,不知不觉3个月过去了。
3. before表示“以免,不然”
例3: It’s cloudy. Take an umbrella you regret it.
A. but B. and C. after D. before 解析: and及but表示并列关系,不合语境;after意为“在……之后”,不合常识,应是在下雨前带伞;before在此处意为“以免你后悔”。before作此意义的用法的例子不少,又如: Put that away before it gets broken. 把它收好,以免砸了。
Do it before you forget. 尽早动手,不然忘了。
4. before用于it was / will be + 时间 + before ... 句型中。
例4: It won’t be long you regret what you have done.
A. after B. before C. since D. until
解析: It was / will be + 时间 + before ... 表示“过了多久才…(强调时间的长)”,在否定句中则表示“没过多久就…(强调时间的短)”。例如:
It will be two years before we meet again.我们要过两年才能见面。
It wasn’t long before he married again. 不久他就又结婚了。
We didn’t wait long before he came back. 我们没等多久他就回来了。
5. before表示“与其……宁可……,比……优先”(用于表优先顺序)
例5: They would fight to death they surrendered(投降).
A. before B. after C. since D. because
解析: 答案为A。before引导的从句在与will, would连用时,有“宁愿……也不”的含义。before即使是作介词用也有此意义。例如:
True men choose death before dishonor. 大丈夫宁可杀不可辱。
I’d die before I apologize to them! 我宁死也不愿向他们道歉!
We will die before we give in. 我们宁死不屈。
6. before表示“……才”(强调从句动作发生得晚或慢)
例6: They sailed along the Pacific Ocean for two weeks they arrived home.
A. since B. when C. before D. after
解析: 此题正确答案为C。全句句意为:“他们在太平洋航行了两个星期才回到家。”强调从句动作比主句动作发生晚。又如:
I thought carefully about it before I made a decision. 我经过再三考虑才决定。
It may be many years before the situation improves.
1. before作为连词时的基本意义是“在„„之前”,用于表示时间或顺序。
You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card. (2009上海,32) A. before B. if C. while D. as
【解析】选A。考查连词,该句的意思是:在你得到你的学生卡之前你不能从学校图书馆借书。before表示先后顺序。
2. 表示“过了多久才„„”,说明主句的持续时间比较长而从句的动作缓缓来迟。
(1) The American Civil War lasted four years _______ the North won in the end. (2005广东,30)
A. after B. before C. when D. then
【解析】选B。本题考查连词before表示“在多久之后才„„”的用法,根据本句含义“美国南北战争持续了四年,北方才最终取得胜利”,可知本题应选B。
(2) Several weeks had gone by 宁夏,39)
A. as B. before C. since D. when
【解析】选B。before表示“过多久才„„”。句意:几个星期已经过去了,我才意识到油画丢了。内含的意思是油画丢了好几个星期了,我才意识到。
3. 表示从句动作还没来得及发生或完成,主句动作就已经发生或完成了,意为“尚未„„就”,“没来得及„„就”,常用于before sb. can/ could…。
—Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting? ( 2006四川,35)
— He rushed out of the room _________ I could say a word.
A. before B. until C. when D. after
【解析】选A。本题考查连词before表示“还没来得及„„就„„”的用法。句意为:我还没来得及说一句话,他就冲出了房间。
4. 表示“以免,以防,趁„„还没有„„”,强调动作的必要性,以避免或防止从句动作的发生。
He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _____ it got worse.(2003北京)
A. until B. when C. before D. as
【解析】选C。由made a mistake和转折词but可知本题句意是“他犯了一个错误,但在事情进一步恶化之前他改变了形势。”故答案正确答案为C项。
5. 用于 “It will be/would be+一段时间+before…”句型中,表示“还要过多长时间才„„”;用于“It was+一段时间+before…”句型中,表示“过了多长时间才„„”,强调时间的“长”。
(1) I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian get back. (2008北京,34)
A. before B. since C. till D. after
【解析】选A。句意:很抱歉你一直在这儿等了很久了,但是还得过一段时间Brian才能回来。It will be +一段时间+before从句表示“还要过多久才„„”,符合句意。
(2)The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we meet them again. (2007安徽,21)
A. after B. before C. since D. when
【解析】选B。句意:这个项目的研究要花掉Joan和Paul大约五个月的时间;我们要过很长时间才能再见面。before与一段时间连用且用于肯定句中表示“要过多长时间才„„”,故选B。 work. (2007江西,29)
A .when B. before C. since D. that
【解析】选B。句意:他被告知他至少还需要三个多月才能康复上班。before用于“It would be+一段时间+before…”句型中表示“要多多长时间才„„”。
(4) It was some time ___________we realized the truth. (2005山东)
A. when B. until C. since D. before
【解析】选D。before用于句型“it was +时间段+ before …”中表示 “过了多长时间才„„”。题意为:过了一段时 间我们才意识到事情的真相。故正确答案为C项。
6. 用于句型“It won’t be/was not+一段时间+before…”中,意为“不久就„„”,“没过多长时间就„„”,强调时间的“短”。
John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job. (2010陕西,20)
A. when B. after D. since
【解析】选C。句意为:约翰认为,用不了多久他就会为他的新工作做好准备。It won’t be long before...意思是“用不了多久就会„„”,符合句意,因此C为正确答案。when引导时间状语从句时意为“当„„的时候”或“这时”;after表示“„„以后”;since表示“自从„„”,后接一个过去的时间或过去的某件事,均不符合题意。
7. when和hardly连用,表示“刚一„„就„„”。该结构主句常用过去完成时,当hardly位于句首时,要用倒装语序。
The girl had hardly rung the bell ______ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. (2010福建,26)
A. before B. until C. as D. since
【解析】选A。句意:那个女孩刚一按门铃,门就开了,她的朋友冲出来迎接她。before和hardly连用,表示“刚一„„就„„”,与语境相符。until“直到”;as“当„„的时候”;since“自从„„以来”,均与语境不符。
8. before句型和其它相似句型的区别
有时候before引导的时间状语从句与since,when引导的时间状语从句在下列结构中较相似,容易混淆。
(1) “It be +时间段 + since引导的时间状语从句”表示“自从„„已经有多长时间了”。主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。
(2005北京,春招)
A. before B. since C. after D. when
【解析】选B。考查since的用法。句意为:自从我们最后一次见面已经几乎五年了。It is/ has been +一段时间+since从句意为“自从„„已经(多久)了”,since从句中谓语动词用过去时态。
(2) “It be +时间点 +when引导的时间状语从句”表示“某个动作发生时是某个时间”。主句谓语动词可以是一般过去时,也可以是一般将来时。
(2010四川,20)
A. since B. that C. when D. until
【解析】选C。句意:因为交通阻塞,当她到达办公室时已经是午休的时间了。when引导时间状语从句,意为“当„„的时候”,符合句意,为正确答案。
9. before long和long before的区别
(1) before long意为“不久,很快”(其中before是介词,long是名词),常在句中作状语,多与动词的过去时或将来时连用。例如:
·Before long, the news sped to every part of the world. 不久以后,这个消息遍布到了世界上的每一个地方。
·I am so excited that I will enter a new school before long. 不久我就要进入一所新的学校学习,我感到非常兴奋。
(2)long before有两个用法:一为“老早,早就(单独使用,表示比过去某时早得多的时间)”。二表示“在„„的很久以前,在还没有„„的很久以前”。如:
·She had left long before his return/he returned 在他回来的很久以前她就走了。
·He had worked in the factory long before he got married. 在他还没有结婚的很久以前他就在这家工厂工作了。
注:此时的主句谓语通常用过去完成时,但有时也可用一般过去时(因为 before 已体现了动作的先后关系)。如:
·This happened long before you were born. 这事在你还没出生以前很久就发生了。
趁热打铁: 1. ——Tommy, your mum has been out without glasses !
——Well, take it easy. she comes back home for them.
A. It is long before that B. It won’t be long since
C. It won’t be long before D. It will be long before
【解析】选C。考查固定句型。It won’t be +时间段+before表示“过不了多久就会„„”;It will be +时间段+before表示“要过多久才„„”;由take it easy可知后句意为“过不了多久她就会回来”,故选C。
2. How long do you think the computer company brings out a new product ?
A. it will be before B. will it be until
C. will it be when D. it will be that
【解析】选A。复合疑问句中的do you think后的句子为陈述语序,排除B、C。It will be…before…表示“要过多久才„„”。句意为:你认为这家电脑公司要过多久才能出新产品?
3. ——Have you any information about Julia? ——Pity! It’s a long timeA. before B. since C. until D. when
【解析】选B。自从我最后一次见她到现在已很久了。由句意以及主从句时态关系可知用since。
4. It" s quite a time __________ Yao Ming got injured, but it won" t be long
to the court.
A. since; before B. after; when C. before; since D. that; when
【解析】选A。考查since和before的用法。句意为:自从姚明受伤已经有相当一段时间了,但是要不了多久他就会回 归球场的。It is +一段时间+since从句意为“„„已经(多久)了”;It won’t be long before +从句意为“过不了(多久)就将„„”。 he returns
5. It may take a while _____ you find a hobby that truly interests yourself, so don’t give up.
A. that B. before C. unless D. since
【解析】选B。句意:要经过一段时间,你才能找到使你感兴趣的爱好。It be +段时间+before 意为“要过多久才„„”。
6. How long do you suppose it is ______he arrived there?
A. when B. before C. after D. since.
【解析】选D. 你认为他到这有多久了?since “自从”,由它引导的状语从句,主句为一般现在时态时,从句用一般过去时态。